Conditional Sentences

Although the various conditional forms might seem quite abstract at first, they are actually some of the most useful structures in English and are commonly included in daily conversations.

Conditional (sentence presupposition) explains that an activity contrary to other activities. The most common conditional is Real and Unreal Conditonal Conditonal, sometimes also called if-clauses.

BENTUK UMUM :

MAIN CLAUSE + IF CLAUSE

where :

Main clause have been modal auxiliary
If clause always in : simple present, simple past, atau past perfect

Note : When klausa "if" placed at beginning sentence, we shall utilize comma,On the contrary if clause "if" are behind, therefore not necessary there is comma.

There are three kinds of conditional sentences:

· Future conditional (proable condition )

· Present conditional (un real present)

· Past conditional (un real past)

Ad.

· Future conditional (probable condition )

Utilized to declare for something with level possible its happening because of particular requisites.

IF + S + V1(s/es) or to be +adj noun ,S +will/must/shall/may + V1 + obj

ex :

· We can do if we possesses any facility

· If he has money ,he will buy a car

Note ; We often use unless it’s mean 'jika... tidak .

ex:

· Unless you hand in your homework, I won't mark it.( If you don't hand in your homework, I won't mark it.)

· I won't mark your homework unless you hand it in.( I won't mark your homework if you don't hand it in.

Note ; never use will,or won't in Klausa IF.

ex:

· If I have time today, I will phone my friend. = I will phone my friend, if I have time today.

· If I go to England, I will buy some Cheddar cheese. = I will buy some Cheddar cheese, if I go to England.

· Present conditional (un real present)

Used to declare for a pretend that against fact for the moment( present).

IF + S + V2 + O or WERE+ADJ NOUN, S + SHOULD/WOULD/COULD/MIGHT + V1 +O

ex:

· She could help him,if she came early

(fact : she doesn’t help him because she doesn’t come early)

· I were a bird, I would fly

(fact : I am not a bird so I don’t fly)

Note : don’t use would atau wouldn't in Klausa IF.

ex :

If I were you, I wouldn't do that. = I wouldn't do that, if I were you.

If I had more time, I would do more on my websites. = I would do more on my websites, if I had more time.

· Past contional (un real past)

Used to suppose a situation that against happening fact on past (past tense).

IF + S + had + V3 + O or BEEN , S + WOULD/SHOULD/COULD/MIGHT + V3 +O

ex:

· She sould have stopped a taxi,if she had not got the bus

(fact : she didn’t stop a taxi if she got the bus)

· If he had been here,I would have given him the money

(fact : he wasn’t here so I didn’t give him the money)

Note : Don’t use would have or wouldn't have, ect in Klausa IF.

ex:

· If I hadn't helped you, you would have failed. = You would have failed, if I hadn't helped you.

· If it had been sunny, we could have gone out. = We could have gone out, if it had been.

· Conditional with out if

Can be done on conditional sentenceses type II. and type III,to place were or had in the beginning sentence.

ex :

If conditional

· If he had a sense of humor,no body would be bored

· I would have met him if he had come yesterday

· If she not busy,she would help us

Conditional without if

· Had he sense of humor,no body would be bored

· Had he come yesterday,I would have met him

· Were she not busy,she would help us

· Modal plus perfect

S + could/should/might/must + have + V3 + obj

Used for explain something that have been done at past but not been done,or the contrary.

· Conditional sentences in Habitual (kebiasaan/habit)

If + S + verb1, S + verb1

Note: in this formula, modal auxiliary is not used.

ex:

· If Budi has enough time, he usually walks to campus. (Jika Budi punya cukup waktu, dia biasanya jalan kaki ke kampus).

· I usually watch football on TV every Saturday night if I do not fall asleep. (Saya biasanya nonton sepakbola di TV tiap Sabtu malam jika saya tidak tertidur).

· If he has money, he always treats us. (Jika dia punya uang, dia selalu mentraktir kita).

· Conditional sentences in Command (perintah)

If + S + verb1, S + verb1

ex:

· If you finish with your work, please help me. (Jika kamu selesai dengan pekerjaanmu, tolong bantu saya).

· Please give me a cigarette if you don’t mind. (Tolong beri saya sepuntung rokok, jika kamu tidak keberatan).

· If you have time, please meet me in my office. (Jika kamu punya waktu, tolong temui saya di kantor saya).